Simple GUI Notepad Using Ruby

GUI Notepad Using Ruby

Code

require 'tk'

class Notepad
  def saveFile
    file = File.open("note", "w")
    thetext = @entry.get("1.0", 'end')
    file.write(thetext)  
    file.close
    @text.value = "Saved"
  end

  def initialize
    ph = { 'padx' => 60, 'pady' => 20 }     # common options
    p = proc {saveFile}
    @text = TkVariable.new
    root = TkRoot.new { title "Notepad" }
    top = TkFrame.new(root)
    TkLabel.new(top) {text    'Enter Text:' ; pack(ph) }
    @entry = TkText.new(top) do
      width 40
      height 10
      borderwidth 1
      font TkFont.new('times 12')
      pack("padx"=> "5", "pady"=> "1")
    end
    # @entry.pack(ph)
    TkButton.new(top) {text 'Save'; command p; pack ph}
    TkButton.new(top) {text 'Exit'; command {proc exit}; pack ph}
    top.pack('fill'=>'both', 'side' =>'top')
    @entry.insert('1.0', File.read("note"))
  end
end

Notepad.new
Tk.mainloop

Output

Bubble Sort in C language

Bubble Sort

This is a one kind of sorting technique. The complexity of this sorting technique is,
Worst-case performance : O(n^2)
Best-case performance : O(n)
Average-case performance : O(n^2)
For more details click here

Code

/******Bubble Sort*****/

#include<stdio.h>
#include<malloc.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

//Function defination
int* bubble_sort(int *arr,int *n){
 int i,j,flag,temp;
 for(i=*n-1;i>=0;i--) {
  flag=0;
  for(j=0;j<i;j++)
   if(arr[j]>arr[j+1]){
    //Swapping
    temp=arr[j];
    arr[j]=arr[j+1];
    arr[j+1]=temp;
    flag=1;
   }
  if(flag==0)
   break;
 }
 return arr;
}

//Starting the main function
int main(){
 int *arr,n,i;
 while(1) {
  //Taking the number of element
  printf("\nEnter the number of element you want to store:");
  scanf("%d",&n);
  if(n<=0){
   printf("\nAn array size must be a positive integer.");
   continue;
  }
  else
   break;
 }
 //Creating array dynamically
 arr=(int*)malloc(n*sizeof(int));
 if(!arr){
  printf("\nNot enough memory.");
  exit(0);
 }
 printf("\nEnter the element(s) in the array:");
 for(i=0;i<n;i++){
  printf("\nElement[%d]:",i+1);
  scanf("%d",&arr[i]);
 }
 printf("\nThe element(s) before sorting:");
 for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  printf(" %d",arr[i]);
 printf("\nThe element(s) after sorting:");
 arr=bubble_sort(arr,&n);
 for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  printf(" %d",arr[i]);
 return 0;
}

Output

Enter the number of element you want to store:7

Enter the element(s) in the array:
Element[1]:6

Element[2]:1

Element[3]:8

Element[4]:4

Element[5]:5

Element[6]:2

Element[7]:3

The element(s) before sorting: 6 1 8 4 5 2 3
The element(s) after sorting: 1 2 3 4 5 6 8

Merge Sort in C language

Merge Sort

This is a one kind of sorting technique. The complexity of this sorting technique is,
Worst-case performance : O(n log n)
Best-case performance : O(n log n)
Average-case performance : O(n log n)
For more details click here

Code

/******Merge Sort*****/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<malloc.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
//Function declaration
int* merge(int*,int,int,int);
//Function definition for merge sort
int* merge_sort(int *arr,int left,int right){
 int mid;
 if(right>left){
  mid=(left+right)/2;
  merge_sort(arr, left, mid);
  merge_sort(arr,mid+1,right);
  merge(arr,left,mid+1,right);
 }
 return arr;
}
//Function definition for merge two array
int* merge(int *arr,int left,int mid,int right){
 int *temp,i,x,no_of_element;
 no_of_element=right-left+1;
 x=left;
 temp=(int*)malloc(no_of_element*sizeof(int)); 
 while((left<=mid-1)&&(mid<=right)) {
  if(arr[left]<=arr[mid])  {
   temp[x++]=arr[left];
   left++;
  }
  else  {
   temp[x++]=arr[mid];
   mid++;
  }
 }
 while(left<=mid-1)
  temp[x++]=arr[left++];
 while(mid<=right)
  temp[x++]=arr[mid++];
 for(i=0;i<no_of_element;i++) {
  arr[right]=temp[right];
  right--;
 }
 return arr;
}
//Main function start
int main()
{
 int *arr,n,i;
 while(1){
  //taking the number of element
  printf("\nEnter the number of element you want to store:");
  scanf("%d",&n);
  if(n<=0){
   printf("\nAn array size must be a positive integer.");
   continue;
  }
  else
   break;
 }
 //Creating array dynamically
 arr=(int*)malloc(n*sizeof(int));
 if(!arr){
  printf("\nNot enough memory.");
  exit(0);
 }
 //Taking the element from user
 printf("\nEnter the element(s) in the array:");
 for(i=0;i<n;i++){
  printf("\nElement[%d]:",i+1);
  scanf("%d",&arr[i]);
 }
 //Print the element before sorting
 printf("\nThe element(s) before sorting:");
 for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  printf(" %d",arr[i]);
 printf("\nThe element(s) after sorting:");
 //Call the function
 arr=merge_sort(arr,0,n-1);
 //Print the sorted array
 for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  printf(" %d",arr[i]);
 return 0;
}

Output

Enter the number of element you want to store:5

Enter the element(s) in the array:
Element[1]:1

Element[2]:8

Element[3]:3

Element[4]:2

Element[5]:5

The element(s) before sorting: 1 8 3 2 5
The element(s) after sorting: 1 2 3 5 8

Quick Sort in C language

Quick Sort

This is a one kind of sorting technique. The complexity of this sorting technique is,
Worst-case performance : O(n^2)
Best-case performance : O(n log n)
Average-case performance : O(n log n)
For more details click here

Code

/******Quick Sort*****/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<malloc.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
//Function definition
int* quick_sort(int *arr,int low,int high){
 int pivot,i,temp,j;
 if(low<high) {
  pivot=arr[low];
  i=low;
  j=high;
 }
 else
  return arr;
 while(i<j){
  while((arr[i]<=pivot)&&(i<high))
   i++;
  while((arr[j]>=pivot)&&(j>low))
   j--;
  if(i<j){
   temp=arr[i];
   arr[i]=arr[j];
   arr[j]=temp;
  }
 }
 temp=arr[low];
 arr[low]=arr[j];
 arr[j]=temp;
 quick_sort(arr,low,j-1);
 quick_sort(arr,j+1,high); 
}
//Main function started
int main(){
 int *arr,n,i;
 while(1){
  //Taking the number of element
  printf("\nEnter the number of element you want to store:");
  scanf("%d",&n);
  if(n<=0){
   printf("\nAn array size must be a positive integer.");
   continue;
  }
  else
   break;
 }
 //Creating the array dynamically
 arr=(int*)malloc(n*sizeof(int));
 if(!arr) {
  printf("\nNot enough memory.");
  exit(0);
 }
 printf("\nEnter the element(s) in the array:");
 for(i=0;i<n;i++){
  printf("\nElement[%d]:",i+1);
  scanf("%d",&arr[i]);
 }
 printf("\nThe element(s) before sorting:");
 for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  printf(" %d",arr[i]);
 printf("\nThe element(s) after sorting:");
 arr=quick_sort(arr,0,n-1);
 for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  printf(" %d",arr[i]);
 return 0;
}

Output

Enter the number of element you want to store:7

Enter the element(s) in the array:
Element[1]:5

Element[2]:6

Element[3]:2

Element[4]:88

Element[5]:554

Element[6]:11

Element[7]:36

The element(s) before sorting: 5 6 2 88 554 11 36
The element(s) after sorting: 2 5 6 11 36 88 554

Selection Sort in C language

Selection Sort

This is a one kind of sorting technique. The complexity of this sorting technique is,
Worst-case performance : O(n^2)
Best-case performance : O(n^2)
Average-case performance : O(n^2)
For more details click here

Code

/*****Selection Sort*****/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<malloc.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
//Function defination
int* selection_sort(int *arr,int *n){
 int i,j,temp;
 for(i=0;i<*n-1;i++)
  for(j=i+1;j<*n;j++)
   if(arr[i]>arr[j]){
    //Swapping
    temp=arr[i];
    arr[i]=arr[j];
    arr[j]=temp;
   }
 return arr;
}
//Starting the main function
int main(){
 int *arr,n,i;
 while(1){
  //Taking the number of element
  printf("\nEnter the number of element you want to store:");
  scanf("%d",&n);
  if(n<=0){
   printf("\nAn array size must be a positive integer.");
   continue;
  }
  else
   break;
 }
 //Create array dynamically
 arr=(int*)malloc(n*sizeof(int));
 if(!arr){
  printf("\nNot enough memory.");
  exit(0);
 }
 //Taking the element from user
 printf("\nEnter the element(s) in the array:");
 for(i=0;i<n;i++){
  printf("\nElement[%d]:",i+1);
  scanf("%d",&arr[i]);
 }
 //Print the array before sorting
 printf("\nThe element(s) before sorting:");
 for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  printf(" %d",arr[i]);
 printf("\nThe element(s) after sorting:");
 //Call the sorting function
 arr=selection_sort(arr,&n);
 //Print the sorted array
 for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  printf(" %d",arr[i]);
 return 0;
}

Output

Enter the number of element you want to store:7

Enter the element(s) in the array:
Element[1]:2

Element[2]:4

Element[3]:1

Element[4]:5

Element[5]:8

Element[6]:7

Element[7]:3

The element(s) before sorting: 2 4 1 5 8 7 3
The element(s) after sorting: 1 2 3 4 5 7 8

Heap Sort Using C language

Heap Sort

Heap sort is a one type of sorting algorithm.
Worst-case performance : O(n log n)
Best-case performance : Ώ(n), O(n log n)
Average-case performance : O(n log n)
For more information click here

Code

/*****Heap sort*****/
#include<stdio.h>
//Function declaration
void manage(int *, int);
void heapsort(int *, int, int);
//Main function start
int main(){
 int arr[20]; 
 int i,j,size,tmp,k;
 
 //Taking the number of element
  printf("Enter the number of elements to sort : ");
 scanf("%d",&size);
 
 //Taking the elements from user
 for(i=1; i<=size; i++) {
   printf("Enter %d element : ",i);
   scanf("%d",&arr[i]);
   manage(arr,i);
 }
 j=size;
 for(i=1; i<=j; i++) {
   //Swap
   tmp=arr[1];
   arr[1]=arr[size];
   arr[size]=tmp;
   size--;
   
   //Function call for heap sort
   heapsort(arr,1,size);
 }
 printf("\nAfter sorting the elements are: ");
 size=j;
 for(i=1; i<=size; i++)
     printf(" %d ",arr[i]);
 return 0;
}

//Function definition
void manage(int *arr, int i){
 int tmp; 
 tmp=arr[i];
 while((i>1)&&(arr[i/2]<tmp)) {
   arr[i]=arr[i/2];
   i=i/2;
 }
 arr[i]=tmp;
}

//Function definition
void heapsort(int *arr, int i, int size){
 int tmp,j;
 tmp=arr[i];
 j=i*2;
 while(j<=size) {
   if((j<size)&&(arr[j]<arr[j+1]))
      j++;
   if(arr[j]<arr[j/2]) 
      break;
   arr[j/2]=arr[j];
   j=j*2;
 }
 arr[j/2]=tmp;
}

Output

Enter the number of elements to sort : 7
Enter 1 element : 8
Enter 2 element : 4
Enter 3 element : 6
Enter 4 element : 9
Enter 5 element : 11
Enter 6 element : 2
Enter 7 element : 5

After sorting the elements are:  2  4  5  8  6  9  11

AVL Tree in C language

AVL Tree in C language

Use C programming language to make an AVL tree and display the tree in INORDER formate.

Code

/******AVL tree******/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

//Structure for tree
struct AVL 
{
 int data,height;
 struct AVL *left,*right;
};

//Function definition for getting maximum value
int max(int a,int b)
{
 if(a>=b)
  return a;
 else
  return b; 
}

//Function definition for getting the height of the tree
int height(struct AVL **root)
{
 if(*root==NULL)
  return 0;
 return (*root)->height; 
}

//Function definition for getting the balance factor of the tree
int balance(struct AVL **root)
{
 return(height(&((*root)->left))-height(&((*root)->right)));
}

//Function definition for rotate the tree right
void rightrotate(struct AVL **root)
{
 struct AVL *child,*temp;
 child=(*root)->left;
 temp=child->right;
 child->right=*root;
 (*root)->left=temp;
 (*root)->height=max(height(&((*root)->left)),height(&((*root)->right)))+1;
 child->height=max(height(&((*root)->left)),height(&((*root)->right)))+1;
 *root= child;
 
}

//Function definition for rotate the tree left
void leftrotate(struct AVL **root)
{
 struct AVL *child,*temp;
 child=(*root)->right;
 temp=child->left;
 child->left=*root;
 (*root)->right=temp;
 (*root)->height=max(height(&((*root)->left)),height(&((*root)->right)))+1;
 child->height=max(height(&((*root)->left)),height(&((*root)->right)))+1;
  *root=child;
}

//Function definition for creating
void create(struct AVL **root,int d)
{  int bal;
 if(*root==NULL)
 {
   *root=(struct AVL*)malloc(sizeof(struct AVL));
   (*root)->data=d;
   (*root)->height=1;
   (*root)->left=NULL;
   (*root)->right=NULL;
   return; 
 }
 else if(d > (*root)->data)
  create(&((*root)->right),d);
 else if(d < (*root)->data)
  create(&((*root)->left),d);
 else
   printf("item already exist");
 (*root)->height=max(height(&((*root)->left)),height(&((*root)->right)))+1;  
 bal=balance(&(*root));
 if(bal< -1 && d < (*root)->right->data)
 {
  rightrotate(&((*root)->right));
  leftrotate(&(*root));
 }
 if(bal > 1 && d < (*root)->left->data)
  rightrotate(&(*root)); 
 if(bal < -1 && d < (*root)->right->data)
 {
  leftrotate(&(*root));
 }
 if(bal > 1 && d > (*root)->left->data)
 {
  leftrotate(&((*root)->left));
  rightrotate(&(*root));
 }
    
}

//Function definition for inorder traversal
void inorder(struct AVL **root)
{
 if(*root)
 {
  inorder(&((*root)->left));
  printf("%d\t",(*root)->data);
  inorder(&((*root)->right));
 }
}
int main()
{
 struct AVL *root=NULL;
 int ch,d;
 do
 {   
  printf("\n1.create or insert element to AVL tree");
  printf("\n2.inorder display element to tree");
  printf("\n3.exit");
  printf("\nenter ur choice");
  scanf("%d",&ch);
  switch (ch)
  {
   case 1:
    printf("\nenter element to new node");
    scanf("%d",&d);
    create(&root,d);
    break;
   case 2:
    inorder(&root);
    getch();
    break;
   case 3:
    exit(0);
   default:
    printf("invalid choice");   
  }
 }while(1);
 return (0); 
}

Output

1.create or insert element to   AVL tree
2.inorder display element to tree
3.exit
enter ur choice1

enter element to new node10

1.create or insert element to   AVL tree
2.inorder display element to tree
3.exit
enter ur choice1

enter element to new node5

1.create or insert element to   AVL tree
2.inorder display element to tree
3.exit
enter ur choice1

enter element to new node15

1.create or insert element to   AVL tree
2.inorder display element to tree
3.exit
enter ur choice1

enter element to new node3

1.create or insert element to   AVL tree
2.inorder display element to tree
3.exit
enter ur choice1

enter element to new node2

1.create or insert element to   AVL tree
2.inorder display element to tree
3.exit
enter ur choice1

enter element to new node6

1.create or insert element to   AVL tree
2.inorder display element to tree
3.exit
enter ur choice2
2       3       5       6       10      15